Montanoa laskowskii
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. COLIMA: 10.5 mi S of jct of hwy to Manzanillo and hwy to Juqillo, 18 Dec 1978, Fea 2988* (OS); ca. 11 mi SSW of Colima, 21 Sep 1958, M 18053 (DUKE, ENCB, LL, MICH, NY, US). JALISCO: 10 mi N of Barra de Navidad, 16 Dec 1966, AL 4543 (MICH, OS); between Chamela and Barra de Navidad, 11 Oct 1976, SG 4134* (OS).
Shrubs 2-5 m tall. Stems terete, light brown to grey, usually glabrous but sometimes pubescent at nodes. Leaves variable; petioles 1.5-7.5 cm long, adaxial surface sparsely glandular and densely pubescent, hairs less than 1.0 mm long, partially to completely winged often with auricles at base of wing and usually with two small leaf-like structures at proximal end; blades ovate, 5-16 cm long, 2.25-15.0 cm wide, apex long-acuminate, margin serrate to irregularly serrate-dentate, deeply 3-lobed, adaxial surface moderately pubescent, hairs pustular, base white, abaxial surface glabrous to sparsely glandular and pubescent, hairs less than 1.0 mm long. Peduncle 2.0-7.5 cm long, glabrous to densely pubescent, hairs less than 1.0 mm long. Heads pendulous, 1.5-2.25 cm diam in flower, 2.5-3.0 cm diam in fruit, few in open rigidly branched cymose synflorescences in oppositely and alternately branched compound corymbs. Phyllaries 8-10, reflexed at late anthesis, biseriate, subequal, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, dark green, apex acute to acuminate with mucronate tips, margin ciliate, entire, abaxial surface pubescent near center and margins, hairs less than 1.0 mm long, adaxial surface essentially glabrous .. Ray florets 10-15; corollas white, ligules obovate, 15.0-22.5 mm long, 5-12 mm wide, apex rounded to 1-2-notched, adaxial surface mostly glabrous with dense cluster of thick hairs, abaxial surface sparsely glandular and pubescent on veins, hairs less than 0.5 mm long, tube 1.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, essentially glabrous. Discflorets 65-85; corollas yellow, tube 0.5-1.0 mm long, 0.5 mm diam, sparsely pubescent, hairs thick, 0.5-1.0 mm long, throat cylindrical, 5.5-6.5 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm diam, densely glandular and pubescent, hairs thick, 0.5-1.0 mm long, lobes 5, 0.5-1.0 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, apex acute, densely glandular and pubescent, hairs thick, less than 0.5 mm long; stamens with filaments 4.0-4.5 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, anthers not fully exserted from corolla, thecae black, 2-3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, apical appendages black, acuminate, 0.5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, abaxial surface of apical appendages and connective landular; styles (Fig. 67I) yellow, 8.0-11.5 mm long, enlarged at base, stigmatic slllfaces yellow, 1.0-3.0 mmlong, apical appendages yellow, acuminate, 0.5-1.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Pales at anthesis almost elliptic-triangular, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, dark near midrib and base, apex longacuminate, indurate, light yellow, margin ciliate, entire, abaxial surface, except near apex, densely glandular and pubescent, hairs 0.5-1.0 mm long, adaxial surface glabrous; pales at fruiting, deciduous, obtrullate, 8-12 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, papery with netted venation, stramineous, at apex a deep sinus and spinose tip 2 mm long, margin entire, somewhat curled, abaxial and adaxial surfaces essentially glabrous. Achenes brown-black, 3.0-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, smooth. Chromosome number, n = 19.
Montanoa laskowskii superficially resembles M. leucantha, but the latter species has no sinus on the mature pales, yellow to brown anthers, a dense synflorescence, and large tubes on the disc corolla. Montanoa laskowskii is not closely related to any particular species but it is more closely related to the four species of the series Grandiflorae than any others. Montanoa laskowskii and the species of the series Grandiflorae share a large number of disc florets (over 65) and ray florets (over 10), large disc florets (over 6 mm) and a biseriate involucre with over 10 bracts. But, M. laskowskii differs by the anthers not fully exserted from the disc corollas. Further, the species of Grandiflorae have 15 mm long mature pales without a sinus and phyllaries over 6 mm long. Montanoa laskowskii, on the other hand, has pales less than 12 mm long and phyllaries less than 5.5 mm long.
This rare species has unusual leaves that can be deeply lobed and unlobed on the same branch. In addition, the corollas of the disc florets are covered with hairs and glands, the throat is much longer than the tube (10:1), the anthers are black, the heads are solitary or in simple cymes and the mature pales have a distinct sinus.
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Heliantheae
Genus: Montanoa
Sub- Genus: Acanthocarphae
Species: Montanoa laskowskii
Three populations in Jalisco and Colima, Mexico; south facing slopes of Sierra Madre del Sur, in sight of the ocean or on dry hilltops; ca. 500 m.
FLOWERING (AND FRUITING) PERIOD: September-October (October-December).