Literature

AuthorsYearsort descendingTitle
T. Walter1788Flora caroliniana: secunda systema vegetabilium perillustris Linnaei digesta...
A. Michaux1803Flora boreali-americana :sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America septentrionali collegit et detexit Andreas Michaux.
T. Nuttall1818The genera of North American plants, and a catalogue of the species, to the year 1817.
K. Polycarp J. Sprengel1826Caroli Linnaei... Systema vegetabilium/Curante Curtio Sprengel
P. Hoffmann1894Compositae
N. Lord Britton, Brown A.1913An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada And The British Possessions
M. Lyndon Fernald, Schubert B. G.1948Studies of American Types in British Herbaria
G. B. Ownbey1951Natural Hybridization in the Genus Cirsium-I. C. discolor (Muhl Ex. Willd) Spreng X C. muticum Michx
S. B. Jones, Jr.1970Chromosome Numbers in Compositae
W. L. Bloom1977Chromosomal Differentiation between Cirsium discolor and C. muticum and the Origin of Supernumerary Chromosomes
D. Simberloff, Stiling P.1996Risks of Species Introduced for Biological Control
D. E. Moerman1998Native American Ethnobotany
T. C. Pesacreta, Hasenstein K. H.1999The Internal Cuticle of Cirsium horridulum (Asteraceae) Leaves
D. G. Kelch, Baldwin B. G.2002Phylogeny and ecological radiation of New World Thistles (Cirsium, Carduae - Compositae) based on ITS and ETS rDNA sequence data
I. E. Jordon-Thaden, Louda S. M.2003Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?
D. A. Willard, Bernhardt, C. E., Weimer, L., Cooper, S., Gamez, D., Jensen, J.2004Atlas of Pollen and Spores of the Florida Everglades
D. J. Keil2006Cirsium
J. L. Strother2006Flora of North America
2008Graminoid Fens of the Northeastern Illinois
N. R. C. S. USDA2010The PLANTS Database
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith